![]() Biologists have attempted to verify the handicap principle, but with inconsistent results. The system is evolutionarily stable as the large showy tails are honest signals. According to Zahavi's theory, signallers such as male peacocks have "tails" that are genuinely handicaps, being costly to produce. Amotz Zahavi suggested that cheating could be controlled by the handicap principle, where the best horse in a handicap race is the one carrying the largest handicap weight. The question of whether the selection of signals works at the level of the individual organism or gene, or at the level of the group, has been debated by biologists such as Richard Dawkins, arguing that individuals evolve to signal and to receive signals better, including resisting manipulation. ![]() An individual can cheat by giving a dishonest signal, which might briefly benefit that signaller, at the risk of undermining the signalling system for the whole population. Signals may be honest, conveying information which usefully increases the fitness of the receiver, or dishonest. Signals thus evolve because they modify the behaviour of the receiver to benefit the signaller. Signals are given in contexts such as mate selection by females, which subjects the advertising males' signals to selective pressure. Mathematical models describe how signalling can contribute to an evolutionarily stable strategy. The central question is when organisms with conflicting interests, such as in sexual selection, should be expected to provide honest signals (no presumption being made of conscious intention) rather than cheating. Within evolutionary biology, signalling theory is a body of theoretical work examining communication between individuals, both within species and across species. For the engineering concept, see signal theory.īy stotting (also called pronking), a springbok ( Antidorcas marsupialis) signals honestly to predators that it is young, fit, and not worth chasing. For the analogous theory in economics, see signalling (economics). Send us feedback about these examples.This article is about signalling in evolutionary biology. These examples are programmatically compiled from various online sources to illustrate current usage of the word 'choosy.' Any opinions expressed in the examples do not represent those of Merriam-Webster or its editors. Nate Atkins, The Indianapolis Star, 9 Jan. 2014 That should earn him the right to be somewhat choosy this offseason, with a clear connection to the coaching staff of the Jets as one possibility. Brendan Borrell, Discover Magazine, 7 Feb. 2018 Scenarios like this one made Roberts and his colleagues at the University of California, San Francisco ponder whether seemingly healthy patients on the transplant list and their doctors may be too choosy for their own good. Jay Schwartz, Discover Magazine, 7 Dec. Carl Zimmer, Discover Magazine, 26 July 2010 Being choosy in this way has, over evolutionary time, generally yielded fitter offspring. 2022 According to one particularly influential hypothesis, the Handicap Principle, females could benefit from being choosy about mates if that choice led them to have more success reproducing. 2022 Landing in a daylit part of the world would have clearly been preferable, but back in the Apollo era, returning lunar astronauts could not be so choosy. 2022 Now, with Colorado River reservoirs parched from two decades of unrelenting drought, the region has little room to be so choosy. Bycameron Chertavian, ABC News, 27 Dec. ![]() Ligaya Mishan Esther Choi, New York Times, With thousands of already-existing emoji and limited spots available, the group must be very choosy with its new additions, Daniel said. Recent Examples on the Web These were once common elements of most people’s diets until relatively recently in human history, our ancestors could not afford to be so choosy.
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